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Registros recuperados: 14
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Comprendre la structure et la dynamique du phytoplancton en réponse aux forçages naturels et anthropiques, et contribuer au développement des outils d’analyses automatisées. Vers un Système Intégré d’Observation. ArchiMer
Lefebvre, Alain.
Les écosystèmes marins sont soumis à des pressions d’origine anthropique très importantes depuis ces dernières décennies. Parmi ces pressions, les apports excessifs de nutriments vont impacter directement le phytoplancton et indirectement d’autres niveaux trophiques compromettant ainsi les biens et services écosystèmiques. On parle alors d’eutrophisation, phénomène répandu à l’échelle mondiale. La Manche orientale et la baie sud de la mer du Nord ne font pas exception. La partie française de cette zone est marquée par des proliférations massives de la Prymnésiophycée, Phaeocystis globosa, qui aboutiront au développement d’une mousse abondante et nauséabonde sur le littoral comme à des dysfonctionnements au sein des habitats benthique et pélagique. C’est...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Manche; Baie sud de la mer du Nord; Eutrophisation; Habitat pélagique; Phytoplancton; Abondance; Diversité; Hydrologie; Climat; Observation; Surveillance; Écologie numérique; Modélisation; Haute fréquence; Systèmes automatisés; Stations instrumentées; Ferry Box..
Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00360/47103/47027.pdf
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Detecting changes in diversity in a fluctuating environment based on simulation of stochastic processes ArchiMer
Diserud, Oh.
In this paper, I present a method developed to detect 'extra', or novel, changes in diversity in a naturally fluctuating environment. When comparing samples in order to evaluate changes in community structure, the sampling procedure will inevitably induce randomness in observed species composition and abundance, so two samples may show considerable differences, even if they come from exactly the same community. Sometimes the effort put into the sampling varies as well, leading to the expectation of a further increase in difference. Finally, if there were a temporal distance between the samples, we would like to correct for variations in species abundance occurring naturally due to fluctuating environmental conditions. The test method presented here...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Structure des communautés; Diversité; Variance environnementale; Dynamique des populations; Modèle d'abondance d'une espèce; Community structure; Diversity index; Environmental variance; Population dynamics; Species abundance model.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00322/43345/42881.pdf
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Diversite de populations microbiennes thermophiles d'une cheminée hydrothermale océanique profonde : cultures d'enrichissement en bioréacteur et isolement d'espèces nouvelles ArchiMer
Postec, Anne.
To explore the microbial diversity at deep sea vents, molecular techniques based on the analysis of the gene coding the 16S ribosomal RNA permitted to highlight a large archaeal and bacterial diversity. Nevertheless, the diversity of the hydrothermal microorganisms cultivated to date remains much lower than the diversity described with molecular tools. Innovative methods should therefore be used in order to cultivate new microorganisms, and also determine their metabolic properties and their potential role in the ecosystem. That was the purpose of this study: a bioreactor gas-lift was used to perform enrichment cultures in continuous, during 50 days, in thermophilic (60°C) and hyperthermophilic (90°C) conditions. A hydrothermal chimney sample (Rainbow...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Strain isolation and characterization; Hybridization; Sequencing; Cloning; DGGE; Gas lift bioreactor; Enrichment cultures; Deep sea hydrothermal vents; Bacteria; Archaea; Diversity; Isolement et caractérisation de souche; Hybridation; Séquençage; Clonage; DGGE; Bioréacteur gas lift; Cultures d'enrichissement; Sources hydrothermales océaniques profondes; Bacteria; Archaea; Diversité.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/these-367.pdf
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Diversité structurelle et fonctionnelle des peuplements sablo-vaseux de Bretagne sud : Impact de l'expansion d'Haploops nirae ArchiMer
Rigolet, Carine.
This thesis aims here, based on the case of the Bay of Concarneau, to understand the impact of the development of dense populations of the tubiculous amphipod Haploops nirae on the structural and functional diversity of sandy-mud communities of South Brittany. The study of Haploops communities was developed on various levels of organization of life, from the specific role of Haploops nirae to functional role of Haploops community in the ecosystem passing through the description of the community composition and its role on the biodiversity. Our results suggest firstly that the functional role of Haploops nirae alone (filtration pressure, secondary production) is potentially important. Moreover, the physical changes induced by Haploops were found to have...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ampeliscidae; Réseau trophique; Diversité fonctionnelle; Macrofaune benthique; Diversité; Bretagne Sud; Espèce ingénieure; Ampeliscidae; Benthic macrofauna diversity; Food web; Functional diversity; Engineer species; South Brittany.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00134/24549/22582.pdf
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Etude des amibes marines et de leurs interactions avec les vibrios pathogènes d’huître ArchiMer
Robino, Etienne.
Free living amoebae inhabit aquatic environments and use phagocytosis of bacteria for their nutrition. According to the hypothesis of coincidental evolution of virulence, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis being preserved from amoebae to the immune cells of animals, the predation exerted by amoebae could favor the emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to phagocytosis. Since 2008, Crassostrea gigas oysters have suffered from over-mortality in France. This poly-microbial disease involves the Herpes OsHV-1 μvar virus which causes an immunosuppression of oysters that are then colonized by various opportunistic pathogenic bacteria including vibrios inducing the death of the animal. V. tasmaniensis LGP32 is a facultative intracellular...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Amibes libres; Vibrios pathogènes; Phagocytose; Évolution fortuite; Diversité; Free-Living amoebae; Pathogenic vibrios; Phagocytosis; Coincidental evolution; Diversity.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00692/80419/83555.pdf
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Evaluation de l’état écologique des masses d’eau de transition dans le cadre de la DCE. Etude de la pertinence du suivi des peuplements du microphytobenthos estuarien ArchiMer
Ribeiro, Lourenço; Le Bris, Anthony; Hernandez Farinas, Tania; Buchet, Remi; Dutertre, Mickaël; Metzger, Edouard; Rosa, Philippe; Gernez, Pierre; Lerouxel, Astrid; Barille, Laurent.
In order to establish the ecological status of water bodies, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is based on the evaluation of a number of biological quality elements, as well as physical parameters supporting the biology. In estuaries, phytoplankton monitoring was not considered relevant because of the high turbidity characterizing the large metropolitan estuaries and the French overseas departments (Guyana). In this work, we considered the possibility of using microphytobenthos (MPB) as a biological indicator of the ecological status of estuaries. This activity report summarizes the actions undertaken in 2017 under an AFB / Université de Nantes convention, which is structured around two main axes: the first axis is based on the analysis of the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: DCE; Diatomées benthiques; Diversité; Estuaires; Facteurs naturels; Gradient de perturbation; Loire; Bio-indication; Microphytobenthos; Pressions anthropiques; Télédétection.; Anthropogenic pressures; Benthic diatoms; Bio-indication; Diversity; Estuary; Loire; Microphytobenthos; Natural factors; Perturbation gradient; Remote sensing; WFD.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00446/55725/57376.pdf
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Evolution saisonnière des populations de diatomées benthiques dans les lagunes aménagées de Certes ArchiMer
Malissen, M.o.; Lasserre, P..
In lagoons and estuarine ecosystems, the benthic microflora contributes considerably to the primary production of the area and consists largely of diatoms Monthly samplings have been made from December 1976 to March 1978 in a shallow station characterized by the lack of macrophytes. Two sets of monthly sam­plings were made allowing in theone hand a qualitative analysis and on the other hand a quantitative study by cellular counts. The diatom populations show a cyclic evolution with two peaks : one in February 1977 and the other in September 1977. This cycle is confirmed by the di­versity and dominance analysis. Seasonal evolution is characterized by the domi­nance of one or more species with well marked succession of dominant species (Nitzschia Navicula et...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Diatomées benthiques; Variations saisonnières; Diversité; Lagunes; Bassin d'Arcachon; Benthic diatoms; Seasonal variations; Diversity; Lagoons; Arcachon Bay.
Ano: 1979 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00306/41679/40888.pdf
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Habitats et communautés benthiques du bassin oriental de la Manche : état des lieux au début du XXIe siècle ArchiMer
Foveau, Aurelie.
This study is devoted in providing an updated knowledge on the macrobenthic community structure and biodiversity in the eastern English Channel in the early 2000s. Results obtained were compared with results obtained by L. Cabioch and colleagues for the period of 1971-1976. The distribution of macrobenthic communities is highly governed by the sedimentary cover. The Folk classification was used for sedimentology and mapping of bottom type characterization for the two study periods. A relative stability of the sedimentary cover was observed wherein 69% of the study area showed slight or no change in sedimentary cover. This is mainly due to the hydrodynamics in the area which is the dominant structuring factor in the eastern English Channel. Variations were...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bassin oriental de la Manche; Couverture sédimentaire; Communautés benthiques; Diversité; Modélisation d’habitats; Comparaison; Eastern English Channel; Sedimentary cover; Benthic communities; Diversity; Habitat modeling; Comparison.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00083/19474/17089.pdf
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Les Escherichia Coli potentiellement pathogenes dans l’environnement littoral : cas des STEC et des EPEC ArchiMer
Baliere, Charlotte.
The contamination of coastal areas by potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria is of concern for the sustainability of some uses, such as shellfish farming, recreational shellfish harvesting and bathing. The contamination of these environments may occur through the land-spreading of livestock wastes, animal feces deposited on pastures, wastewaters from slaughterhouses or from municipal wastewater treatment plants. The presence of these bacteria in coastal environment may present a potential risk to human health. In fact, shellfish-borne outbreaks or human infections may occur by the consumption of shellfish from contaminated areas or the ingestion of water during bathing in contaminated waters, respectively. To date, few studies focusing on the presence and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: STEC; EPEC; Coquillages; Diversité; Virulence; Persistance; STEC; EPEC; Shellfish; Diversity; Virulence; Persistence.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00312/42322/41653.pdf
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Marine zooplanktonic diversity: a view from the South Atlantic ArchiMer
Boltovskoy, D; Correa, N; Boltovskoy, A.
Approximately 7000 marine zooplanktonic species have been described so far for the World Ocean; in the South Atlantic the presence of 40% of these has been confirmed, and an additional 20-30% are expected to be recorded in the future. The overall number of described species is very low when compared with other communities, and yet it may not be too far from the final, complete inventory. Very ample geographic distributional ranges, compositional similarity between the major oceanic basins, and declining species description rates suggest that the undescribed fraction of marine zooplankton is nowhere as large as those suggested for the biosphere as a whole. It is anticipated that the highest proportions of new species will be among the groups associated....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Zooplancton; Diversité; Atlantique Sud; Zooplancton; Diversity; South Atlantic.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00322/43310/42964.pdf
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Modification de l'équilibre démographique de la meiofaune dans les lagunes aménagées de Certes ArchiMer
Castel, J.; Lasserre, P..
Monthly sampling for a 2-year period allowed comparisons between the communities of meiofauna living in fish ponds ("reservoirs a poissons de Certes") and those inhabiting a contiguous tidal pool ("lac de tonne"). Nematods and copepods constitute the bulk of the meiofaunal populations. The community structure of co­pepods is considered in detail.The communities of copepods are clearly separated between the two areas. In terms of abundance, diversity and species persistence, the meiofauna is more stable in the intertidal pool than in the fish ponds. When the seasons are well marked, the community structure of the cope­pods in the fish ponds is nearly equilibrated in spring, with a maximum of diver­sity in May-June. During high eutrophication periods, in...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Lagunes; Diversité; Distribution différentielle; Meiofaune; Copépodes; Bassin d'Arcachon; Lagoons; Diversity; Differential distribution; Meiofauna; Copepods; Arcachon Bay.
Ano: 1979 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00306/41681/40890.pdf
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Species richness and distribution of benthic tidal flat fauna of the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania ArchiMer
Wijnsma, G; Wolff, Wj; Meijboom, A; Duiven, P; De Vlas, J.
The Banc d'Arguin in Mauritania, West Africa, is an area of tidal flats and shallow inshore waters bordering the sandy desert of the Sahara. The project Banc d'Arguin 1985-1986 investigated predominantly benthic biomass and production, the same data allow investigation of the species diversity and the distribution of the tidal flat fauna of the Banc d'Arguin. We sieved and analysed 410 core samples (diameter 10 cm) from 82 locations with 0.6 mm mesh size. A total of 111 taxa were identified. Polychaeta were most diverse with 42 species belonging to 20 families. Other large species groups were Gastropoda (20 species, 14 families), Amphipoda (14 taxa, 8 families) and Bivalvia (15 species, 10 families). Densities ranged from 152 to 5635 ind. m(-2), with an...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Banc d'Arguin; Bethos; Diversité; Limicole; Banc d'Arguin; Benthos; Diversity; Shorebirds.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00325/43623/43309.pdf
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Structure et dynamique temporelle des communautés hydrothermales inféodées à la dorsale Juan de Fuca : utilisation d'une approche observatoire fond de mer ArchiMer
Lelièvre, Yann.
Hydrothermal vents are distributed along mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins. These ecosystems harbour a specialized fauna supported by a local chemosynthetic microbial production, made possible through the oxidation of reduced elements present in the hydrothermal fluid. While the relationships between faunal assemblages and habitats have been relatively well described around the globe, our knowledge on the temporal dynamics of these environments is still limited, particularly at time scale relevant to organisms (from few minutes to several years). Based on hydrothermal vent communities occurring on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, located in the northeast Pacific Ocean, this thesis aims at understanding the functioning and temporal dynamics of macrofaunal...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Écologie hydrothermale; Observatoire fond de mer; Diversité; Réseaux trophiques; Dynamique temporelle; Imagerie; Temporal dynamics; Imagery; Food webs; Hydrothermal ecology; Seafloor observatory; Diversity.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00497/60907/64256.pdf
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Structure et importance des peuplements zooplanctoniques dans la baie d'Arcachon : milieux ouverts et lagunes aménagées de Certes ArchiMer
Castel, J.; Courties, C..
Specific composition and distribution of the zooplankton in Arcachon Bay varie along a salinity gradient from oceanic to neritic and lagoonal condi­tions. A peak of density and biomass is recorded in spring due to an increase of holoplanktonic species as well as larvae of benthic Invertebrates. A second maxi­mum of abundance is observed in autumn. The community structure of copepods and polychaets larvae is considered in detail. The diversity (Shannon index, Sanders's rarefaction) decreases from the mouth of the Bay to the inner neritic water mass. Demographic parameters indi­cate that the populations structure is affected by the salinity gradient. Biomass increases significantly from the oceanic water to the inner neritic water mass while the species...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Zooplancton; Copépodes; Polychètes; Diversité; Distribution différentielle; Bassin d'Arcachon; Zooplankton; Copepods; Polychaets; Diversity; Differential distribution; Arcachon Bay.
Ano: 1979 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00306/41680/40889.pdf
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